Surgery and Transplantation

Thoracic Surgery

Thoracic surgery is concerned with the organs of the chest, such as the heart, lungs, oesophagus, and trachea. Technological advancements have increased the safety and accessibility of these complex surgeries. People all over the world are being saved and improved by lung cancer surgery, heart transplants, and anti-reflux surgery. The majority of the oesophagus that makes up the stomach is removed during an esophagectomy, and the remaining portion is connected to the stomach through a new opening. To provide nutrients during the healing process, a nourishing jejunostomy tube is inserted into the small intestine. Patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer undergo lobectomy. It is not performed on patients whose cancer has spread to other parts of the body. The most important factors in deciding whether to perform a lobectomy are tumour size, type, and location. Lobectomy is performed on patients aged 11 or 12 who have no history of cancer and are not smokers. These patients have decreased long-term capacity, which means their range of activity will be limited for the rest of their lives.